How do carcinoids in the liver affect heart valves and what are some of the current treatments of the heart valves?

Serotonin and other tumor products in the blood cause overgrowth of fibrous tissue on the heart valve in an unknown way.  Treatment consists of neutralizing vasoactive tumor products by injection of octreotide (Sandostatin) and, when very advanced and severe, replacing the valves via heart surgery.

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